Clean Hop Program Seeks To Beat Disease And Better Bitter Beer
The Clean Hop Program is an ongoing collaboration between researchers at the UW-Madison Department of Plant Pathology, Extension agricultural agents in several counties and farmers interested in getting into the hop business. Clark explained that it has several focuses, including evaluating high-yield and high-quality hop varieties, and assessing which cultivars are well-suited to Wisconsin growing conditions. The goal of the program, now several years along, he noted, is to "develop an economically sustainable system for producing pathogen-free planting stock."
As part of their contribution, UW vegetable pathology scientists researching hops have conducted tissue culture and standard propagation, Clark said, trying to produce disease-free planting material.
Terra Nova Nurseries Announced 25th Anniversary In Plant Breeding
Terra Nova Nurseries, a world leader in plant breeding, today announced the 25th anniversary of its founding. This year marks a quarter century of business since the company’s Ken Brown and Dan Heims formed a professional alliance that would change the face of horticulture.
Along with co-founders Jody Brown and Lynne Bartenstein, they vertically integrated a breeding company and tissue culture facility, combining forces to generate and introduce a stable of more than 1,000 varieties of new perennials and annuals. Many of these new plants have won national and international awards, and ongoing breeding accomplishments have put genera such as heuchera and tiarella on the horticulture map.
Terra Nova Nurseries’ mission during the years has involved best-of-breeding, creative plant introduction marketing, and organizational management practices.
Brown and Heim’s philosophy of hiring phenomenal breeders and talented tissue-culture experts has
Along with co-founders Jody Brown and Lynne Bartenstein, they vertically integrated a breeding company and tissue culture facility, combining forces to generate and introduce a stable of more than 1,000 varieties of new perennials and annuals. Many of these new plants have won national and international awards, and ongoing breeding accomplishments have put genera such as heuchera and tiarella on the horticulture map.
Terra Nova Nurseries’ mission during the years has involved best-of-breeding, creative plant introduction marketing, and organizational management practices.
Brown and Heim’s philosophy of hiring phenomenal breeders and talented tissue-culture experts has
Orchids aren’t easy, but that makes them fun
It happened four days before Valentine’s Day, in my grocer’s produce department. A new shipment had just been rolled out from the back room, triggering a full-blown swoon in some of Yakima’s more weather-wearied food shoppers. You’re thinking it was lush strawberries for dipping in chocolate? The first California asparagus? No, it was even more sublime.
Breathtakingly perfect Phalaenopsis orchids had been potted and beribboned for gifting our sweethearts. It’s been a long, long winter, and these pretties had us at “hello.”
The orchid family is so large (25,000 species) that it’s estimated that one in every 15 flowering plants in the world is an orchid. Found in nearly every environment (including above the Arctic Circle), the great majority are tropical. They can be epiphytic, meaning they grow on trees, or lithophytic, growing on rocks. Orchids that grow in soil are called terrestrial, and are usually found in the world’s temperate regions.
Not that long ago, orchids were for the wealthy, or the serious plant connoisseur. They were certainly not something you would grab, along with a bag of potatoes or onions, on a quick trip to the grocery store.
What kept them uncommon is the fact that orchids are notably difficult to propagate from seed. Unlike most seeds, dust-sized orchid seeds lack nutritional storage tissue, which made mass distribution from conventional propagation difficult. These days, new micropropagation techniques, often called tissue culture, and advances in stem cell technology, have made some orchids almost as the ubiquitous as ordinary houseplants, and just as affordable.
Breathtakingly perfect Phalaenopsis orchids had been potted and beribboned for gifting our sweethearts. It’s been a long, long winter, and these pretties had us at “hello.”
The orchid family is so large (25,000 species) that it’s estimated that one in every 15 flowering plants in the world is an orchid. Found in nearly every environment (including above the Arctic Circle), the great majority are tropical. They can be epiphytic, meaning they grow on trees, or lithophytic, growing on rocks. Orchids that grow in soil are called terrestrial, and are usually found in the world’s temperate regions.
Not that long ago, orchids were for the wealthy, or the serious plant connoisseur. They were certainly not something you would grab, along with a bag of potatoes or onions, on a quick trip to the grocery store.
What kept them uncommon is the fact that orchids are notably difficult to propagate from seed. Unlike most seeds, dust-sized orchid seeds lack nutritional storage tissue, which made mass distribution from conventional propagation difficult. These days, new micropropagation techniques, often called tissue culture, and advances in stem cell technology, have made some orchids almost as the ubiquitous as ordinary houseplants, and just as affordable.
Different Methods for Overcoming Integumental Dormancy during in vitro Germination of Red Araza Seeds
Red Araza, or Red Strawberry Guava (Psidium cattleianum Sabine) is a native Brazilian Atlantic Forest species of the Myrtaceae family, whose seeds exhibit integumental dormancy. Due to its importance to different industries worldwide, recent research efforts are seeking to expand this species’ micropropagation processes using in vitro seedling germination, especially since in vitro micropropagation of adult plant material has, so far, been limited. This research effort evaluated different methods of overcoming integumental dormancy during in vitro germination of the Red Araza, so as to allow future micropropagation of the species. The seeds’ emergence and vigor were evaluated based on mechanical and acid scarification, using different substrates and immersions in solutions with different levels of gibberellic acid (GA3), and on the influence of the pre-immersion of seeds in water and sulfuric acid. The mechanical and acid scarification of the seeds, combined or separate, resulted in higher in vitro germination percentages and a higher germination rate index (GRI). Pre-immersion in distilled water (20 hours) also proved to be efficient for the germination of the Red Araza seed, with 76.2% of the seeds germinating and a higher speed of emergence (GRI = 0.18). When compared to a Murashige and Skoog (MS-zero) medium, sowing in a hydrophilic cotton substrate showed greater emergence and vigor, with approximately 70% of the seeds germinating. Treating the seeds by pre-immersing them in GA3 turned out to be unnecessary. The methods used for overcoming integumental dormancy during in vitro germination of Red Araza seeds proved to be efficient, and could be used to develop micropropagation protocols of seminal origin for this species.
Temporary immersion systems in plant micropropagation
Whilst offering several advantages over conventional propagation techniques for cloning of selected plant-ing materials, micropropagation can be an unpredictable and costly production technology. Current techniques require a large number of small containers,semi-solid media and aseptic division of plant tissues by hand. Plant micropropagation involves periodic transfers of plant material to fresh media, after subcultures of 4–6 weeks, due to exhaustion of the nutrients in the medium and also because of continuous tissue growth and proliferation, which is rapidly limited by the size of the culture container (Maene and Debergh,1985). Agar products are not inert and complicate automation. High production costs generally limit the commercial use of micropropagation to products with a very high unit value, such as ornamentals, foliage plants and selected fruit crops (Sluis and Walker,1985; Simonton et al., 1991). Labour generally ac-counts for 40–60% of production costs. Cutting and planting represent the most expensive part of micropropagation (Chu, 1995). Although tissue handling is the major part of the work and the most technical, there is also the cleaning, filling and handling of a large number of containers (Maene and Debergh, 1985).Other major costs result from losses during acclimatization and stem and root hyperhydricity (Reuther,1985). It has been concluded that commercial application of micropropagation for various species wouldonly take place if new technologies were available to automate procedures, and if acclimatization protocols were improved (Kitto, 1997).
Tissue culture company begins selling plants directly to growers
When Yongjian Chang built North American Plants in 1998, the company had 800 square feet of lab space to propagate plants through a process known as tissue culture — essentially cloning them to meet nursery demand for ornamental trees and shrubs.
It’s come a long way in the years since, with five expansions bringing lab space to some 23,000 square feet and a switch in 2006 to focus on berries and rootstocks for tree fruit and nuts.
Today, North American Plants produces 3 million blueberry, blackberry and raspberry plants and 10 million rootstocks for tree fruit and nuts annually.
Increasing demand for disease-resistant rootstocks, particularly in the apple industry, has the company poised for another change: selling directly to
In vitro Propagation of Critically Endangered Endemic Rhaponticoides mykalea by Axillary Shoot Proliferation
Turkey is one of the richest countries in variability of flora. It has nearly 9000 plant species about 3000 of which are endemic [1]. Asteraceae, is represented by 50 species in Turkey with an endemism of nearly 54% [2]. Rhaponticoides mykalea (Hub.-Mor.) M.V. Agab. & Greuter which belongs to the Asteraceae family, falls within the CR (Critically Endangered) category in the Red Data Book of Turkey [1]. While R. mykalea (Hub.-Mor.) was classified under the section Centaurea as Centaurea mykalea (Hub.-Mor.) before now. Today it has been separated from the section Centaurea [3]. It spreads very scarce in Kuşadası (Aydın), Muğla and Isparta, and faces with the danger of extinction. R. mykalea that has very limited number of individuals is under strong anthropogenic pressure such as the gradually increase in ongoing urbanization due to rapid developments of tourism sector, the conversion of natural habitats into human dominated lands, the over-grazing and collecting capitula of R. mykalea by local people for food. The species has already been under the threat of extinction and the situation above will increase the risk of extinction of this species even more [4]. For this reason, local protection measures and global conservation strategies are necessary [5].
Nowadays, the conservation of wild plant genetic resources is very important for preventing a decrease in genetic variability. Conservation of the endemic or threatened plants is carried out using different strategies. In vitro culture is an
Nowadays, the conservation of wild plant genetic resources is very important for preventing a decrease in genetic variability. Conservation of the endemic or threatened plants is carried out using different strategies. In vitro culture is an
In vitro Regeneration, Acclimatization and Antimicrobial Studies of Selected Ornamental Plants
Tissue culture has been applied to diverse research techniques such as viral elimination, clonal propagation, gene conservation, in vitro fertilization, mutation, induction for genetic diversity, genetic transformation, protoplast isolation and somatic hybridization, secondary metabolite production and other related techniques. The commercial production of ornamental plants is growing worldwide. Its monetary value has significantly increased over the last two decades and there is a great potential for continued further growth in both domestic and international markets. About 156 ornamental genera are propagated through tissue culture in different commercial laboratories worldwide. About 212.5 million plants including 157 million ornamental plants amounting to 78% of the total production were reported [1]. These plants are over exploited due to their high medicinal value and hence, propagation of the plants by tissue culture may be mandatory, which offers a greater potential to deliver large quantities of disease-free, true-to-type healthy stock within a short span of time. Biotechnological interventions for in vitro regeneration, mass micropropagation and gene transfer methods in forest tree species have been practiced with success, especially in the last decade. Against the background of the limitations of long juvenile phases and lifespan, developments of plant regeneration protocols of ornamental species are gaining importance. Ornamental industry has applied immensely in vitro propagation approach for large-scale plant multiplication of elite superior varieties. During in vitro condition, plantlets are grown under fixed and controlled environment in sterile formulated medium which contained macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins and plant growth regulators. After the plantlets reached optimum growth in the culture containers after
Micropropagation of Anthurium spp.
Micropropagation as an alternative method to conventional propagation, the culture of somatic cells, tissues and organs of plants under controlled conditions is a suitable way to produce a large number of progeny plants which are genetically identical to the stock plant in a short time. The important property of the plant cells is totipotency which is a capacity to produce the whole plant from different plant parts. Micropropagation has some features to be chosen in commercial production such as multiplicative capacity in a relatively short time, healthy and disease-free production capacity and ability to generate population during a year [1-5].
The genetic pattern of the plant is key element to select the propagation method. Using micropropagation techniques in plant biotechnology applications are costlier than conventional propagation methods. Propagation by using in vitro techniques instead of conventional methods offer some advantages like utilizing small pieces of plants called as explants to maintain the whole plant and increase their number. The main point is to evolve new strategies to
The genetic pattern of the plant is key element to select the propagation method. Using micropropagation techniques in plant biotechnology applications are costlier than conventional propagation methods. Propagation by using in vitro techniques instead of conventional methods offer some advantages like utilizing small pieces of plants called as explants to maintain the whole plant and increase their number. The main point is to evolve new strategies to
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