Modeling the Effects of Light and Sucrose on In Vitro Propagated Plants: A Multiscale System Analysis Using Artificial Intelligence Technology

Since the beginning of in vitro culture in 1902 when the Austrian botanist Gottlieb Haberlandt attempted to grow isolated plant cells and tissues (leaf mesophyll and hair cells) in nutritive solutions, a large body of work has emerged describing the optimization of different culture conditions to supply explants with all the components required for successful in vitro plant tissue propagation. During the past 70–80 years, more than 3000 scientific articles have described the use of over 2000 different culture media in plant tissue culture [1]. In vitro tissue propagation, however, is still a stressful procedure for plants, which can limit the successful establishment of plants upon transfer to ex vitro conditions [2]–[5]. In many cases, the best in vitro conditions do not lead to optimal ex vitro results. Therefore, a better understanding of the complex effects of the variables involved during the in vitro plant tissue growth on the in vitro culture and the ex vitro acclimatization results should lead to an improvement of the process. The effect of carbon in the media, light conditions and their interaction appear to be particularly important [6]–[8].

Sucrose is the most common carbon source used in plant cell, tissue and organ culture. Media with 3% sucrose have been the staple since Murashige and Skoog [9] described their MS medium. Sucrose acts during plant tissue culture as a fuel source for sustaining photomixotrophic metabolism, ensuring optimal development, although other important roles such as

The Rise of 3D Cell Culture Systems

The development of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems has greatly expanded over the past few decades. 3D cell culture models – which are used to better illustrate the cellular structure of human biological diseases in the laboratory–are now used in a variety of research and therapeutic studies. These include, but are not limited to: developmental biology, tissue morphogenesis and engineering, gene and protein expression, disease pathology, drug discovery and other therapeutic developments, and regenerative medicine. This technology is leading to biological and biochemical discoveries and will be the focus of many conversations around innovation at this year’s Society for Laboratory Automation and Screening (SLAS) Conference and Exhibition. It is helping scientists transform research breakthroughs into real-world outcomes.

The need for more physiologically relevant cell culture models grew out of the observed limitations of the two-dimensional (2D) cell culture techniques that have been used since the early

Potential Applications of Wastes from Energy and Forestry Industry in Plant Tissue Culture

     Plant tissue culture refers to the growth and multiplication of cells, tissues and organs on defined solid or liquid media in aseptic and controlled environment. Plant tissue culture technology is being widely used for large-scale plant multiplication.1,2 Regeneration and development of callus depend on the initiation and growth conditions, but also on the species or vegetative organ from which it arose. The induction of callus cultures, the growth rate, as well as the morphogenetic processes, depend on the type and concentration of the regulators present in the culture medium.3

     In agreement with literature data,4 once induced, the callus has the ability to synthesize phytohormones by itself. For example, the callus derived from vegetative fragments of Daucus carota was induced on culture media containing polyphenolic extracts separated from