Plant tissue culture refers to the growth and
multiplication of cells, tissues and organs on
defined solid or liquid media in aseptic and
controlled environment. Plant tissue culture
technology is being widely used for large-scale
plant multiplication.1,2 Regeneration and
development of callus depend on the initiation
and growth conditions, but also on the species or
vegetative organ from which it arose. The
induction of callus cultures, the growth rate, as
well as the morphogenetic processes, depend on
the type and concentration of the regulators
present in the culture medium.3
In agreement with literature data,4
once
induced, the callus has the ability to synthesize
phytohormones by itself. For example, the callus
derived from vegetative fragments of Daucus
carota was induced on culture media containing
polyphenolic extracts separated from
the wood
bark of beech, oak and spruce.5
The authors’
conclusions have evidenced the combined action
of different bioregulators with endogenous
capacity of tissue to synthesize phytohormones.
There were different results for callus growth and
cell differentiation processes depending on the
polyphenolic extract used in this treatment. Thus,
there is a significant increase in adventitious roots
developed in culture media containing extract
from spruce bark (0.51 mg/L). The amount of
callus accumulation was found to increase by
combining the three extracts, in the absence of
auxin 2,4-D, in comparison with other
experimental variants. In contrast, the number of
newly formed shoots was higher for the samples
with polyphenolic extracts obtained from beech
and oak bark. The extract separated from the
spruce bark exhibits a stimulating effect on callus
and root development processes.
These results, further developed in the studies
of plant cultivation, grafting and bioremediation
of vine,6,7,8 have reconfirmed that the role played
by natural polyphenols is similar to that of
phytohormones. Therefore, polyphenols obtained
from forest and agricultural residues can be used
with good results in plant propagation to obtain
useful products.
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