Light source such as fluorescent lamps, metal halide lamps and high-pressure sodium lamps are generally used for in vitro cultures. However, these lights contains unnecessary wavelength that are low in quality for stimulating growth [8] [9]. Furthermore, the use of these lights consumed a lot of electricity and it was reported that tissue cultured lab consumed 65% of total electricity [10]. Light Emitting Diode also known as LED light has been utilized globally in agriculture as an alternative light source for plant growth and photosynthesis. LEDs have attracted considerable interest because of their wavelength specificity and narrow bandwidth, small mass and volume, long-life and minimum heating [11][12].
Morphology and physiology of in vitro grown plants are regulated by various micro-environmental
factors such as light, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide [12][13]. Inadequate or insufficient light may cause harmful for plant growth or led to
excessive growth respectively [14]. Light quality has effect on morphological characteristics such as stem elongation, leaf size, plant anatomy that shows the important of light as a promising source [15].
The previous research had successfully showed the significance of red (R) and blue (B) LED lights on
plant photosynthesis. R and B color of LED has been widely used to enhance plant growth. However, there
were few studies involved in vitro plant and rose as a subject. Past studies had done in vitro technique under
RB ratio 1:1. Xue Fan et al, [16] reported to apply RB with ratio 1:1 for leaf development of young tomato
and Li et al., [9] applied RB with ratio 1:1 with wavelength 660nm and 460nm respectively on rapeseed.
Different spectrum of light truly gave an impact in term of anatomy, physiology and morphology of leaves
[16]-[18]. Nevertheless, the spectrums emitted from both colours vary too much with the sunlight. Within the
range 400-700nm, light spectrum is able to provide the most important energy for plant photosynthesis
among the solar energy. Studies by Matsuda et al., [19] rice plants that grown under combination of blue
(470nm) and red (660nm) shows greater leaf photosynthetic rates compared to single colour LED.
A study by Harun et al., [20] reported that, treatment under 16:4 RB ratio, it is more effective to promote
higher photosynthesis activity which lead to increase number of shoots and leaf. High photon level of blue and
red LED and their wavelength have certainly given an advantage [15]. Therefore, the objective of this study is
to examine the effect of red blue LED with ratio 16:4 in multiplication of Rosa kordesii in tissue culture as
suggested by Tanaka, et al., [21] that LED has improved the quality of explant to increase shoot multiplication.
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